Physical limnology and water quality during 2006 at the City of Hamilton drinking water intakes in western Lake Ontario / Ram Yerubandi ... [et al.]. : En13-5/08-271E-PDF

"This data report presents a preliminary analysis and a summary of the environmental data collected as part of the City of Hamilton water intakes project. The project is designed to develop a field monitoring program, which will assist the city in making their decision on installing new water intakes or extending the present intakes to deeper waters to avoid adverse water quality, especially taste and odour problems and high turbidity associated with nearshore waters of Lake Ontario. The preliminary analysis revealed that in general the water quality parameters are in the expected limits near the existing intakes; however, it appears that the wind induced circulation played a significant role in modifying these conditions. Comparison of temperature and wind time series reveals that upwelling due to winds from the west (westerly) and downwelling due to winds from the east (easterly) determine the environmental conditions at the intakes during the summer. We have observed a moderate to significant taste and odour in raw water near the intakes due to a strong downwelling episode in late August to early September. However, in the offshore waters at around 30 m depth contour, the water quality conditions are slightly better. More accurate estimates are required for further assessing these aspects and we will be conducting thorough analysis and modeling in the near future"--Abstract.

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