The Arctic : organizations involved in circumpolar cooperation / Thai Nguyen, Tim Williams. : YM32-5/2008-15-1E-PDF

"With some exceptions pertaining to specific issues or regions, cooperation in the North has not been a prominent goal of the international community until relatively recently. International cooperation began to evolve rapidly after then Soviet Secretary-General Mikhail Gorbachev delivered a speech in 1987 calling for "a genuine zone of peace and fruitful cooperation" among Arctic states. There is now a plethora of official bodies, both governmental and non-governmental, whose purpose is to manage various issues in the Arctic. Although none has any legal basis as established by, for instance, international treaty, these organizations have assumed an important role in the development of Arctic cooperation. This paper provides information about some of the more important of these organizations, with particular emphasis on the Arctic Council and some domestic Canadian examples"--Introduction.

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