Physical oceanographic conditions on the Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of Maine during 2023 / by David Hebert, Chantelle Layton, David Brickman, and Peter S. Galbraith. : Fs97-18/380E-PDF

"Mean annual air temperature anomalies relative to 1991-2020 climatology were positive for all sites. Satellite-based Sea Surface Temperature (SST) annual anomalies were positive for all regions. Long-term coastal monitoring recorded the third highest value of annual SST at Halifax (Nova Scotia) and at St. Andrews (New Brunswick). At other selected sites across the region, four of six sites saw annual water temperature anomalies return to near normal conditions, the other two remained above normal. Temperature in Cabot Strait at 200-300 m depth was the third highest of the record (the last five years were the highest; 2022 was the record high). Temperature in Emerald Basin at 250 m was the second highest of the record (the last eight years were the highest; 2019 was the record high). A composite index, consisting of 22 ocean temperature time series from surface to bottom across the region, indicated that 2023 was near to above normal with 3 of the time series greater than two standard deviations above normal"--Abstract, page v.

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