Updated (2006-early 2011) biological synopsis of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) / by R. Kipp, B. Cudmore, and N.E. Mandrak. : Fs97-4/2962E-PDF

"Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and Silver Carp (H. molitrix) (collectively known as bigheaded carps) have been introduced worldwide from their native ranges in eastern Asia. They were introduced in the United States in the early 1970s. Subsequently, the distribution of both species expanded throughout the Mississippi River basin. Currently, authorities are concerned about their potential to invade the Great Lakes via waterways connected to the Mississippi River watershed, live trade, or other pathways. This biological synopsis is intended to update information on these species, specifically focussing on literature written between 2006 and early 2011. It outlines the invasion histories, taxonomy, ecology, and impacts of these species. This report emphasizes the longevity, physiological tolerance, diet, fecundity, adaptability, dispersal potential, and impacts of Bighead Carp and Silver Carp where they have been studied"--Abstract, page v.

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