Chum salmon survival and production at seven improved groundwater-fed spawning areas / by D.B. Lister, D.E. Marshall and D.G. Hickey. : Fs97-4/1595E-PDF

"Chum salmon spawning, egg-to-fry survival and fry production were assessed in a one-year study of improved groundwater-fed spawning areas in southern British Columbia. Survival from potential egg deposition to fry emigration ranged from 1% to 33.5% and averaged 16.3%, approximately twice the average recorded at natural spawning areas in the province. Although maximum fry production per unit of spawning area (517/m²) was achieved with the highest spawning density (2.5 females/m²), fry output per area did not increase appreciably when density exceeded 0.5 female/m². The advantages of a graded gravel spawning substrate, which had been added to 5 of the 7 sites, were not apparent from the survival data. However, differences between sites in other physical features and in spawner density may have obscured the influence of substrate quality. Additional information is presented on characteristics of chum salmon spawning populations and fry migrations, as well as incidental data on utilization of the improved spawning areas by other salmonid species"--Abstract, page x.

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